ABB AC10272001R0101 Control circuit board industrial module

Description

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The distribution authority is responsible for the production and transmission of
the reactive power required by the user installations, and therefore has a series
of further inconveniences which can be summarized as:
– oversizing of the conductors and and of the components of the transmission
lines;
– higher Joule-effect losses and higher voltage drops in the components and
lines.
The same inconveniences are present in the distribution installation of the final
user. The power factor is an excellent index of the size of the added costs and
is therefore used by the distribution authority to define the purchase price of
the energy for the final user.
The ideal situation would be to have a cosϕ slightly higher than the set reference
so as to avoid payment of legal penalties, and at the same time not to risk
having, with a cosϕ too close to the unit, a leading power factor when the
power factor corrected device is working with a low load.
The distribution authority generally does not allow others to supply reactive
power to the network, also due to the possibility of unexpected overvoltages.
In the case of a sinusoidal waveform, the reactive power necessary to pass
from one power factor cosϕ1 to a power factor cosϕ2 is given by the formula:
where:
P is the active power;
Q1,ϕ1 are the reactive power and the phase shifting before power factor correction;
Q2,ϕ2 are the reactive power and the phase shifting after power factor correction;
Qc is the reactive power for the power factor correction.