5SHY3545L0014 3BHE019719R0101 ABB system intelligent module card

Description

5SHY3545L0014 Short circuit in industrial environment
The working environment of industrial motor driver is relatively harsh, which may cause high temperature, AC line transient, mechanical overload, wiring error and other emergencies. Some of these events may cause a large overcurrent to flow into the power circuit of the motor driver. Figure 1 shows three typical short-circuit events.

They are:
1. The inverter is directly connected. This may be caused by incorrect opening of two IGBTs of one inverter bridge arm 5SHY3545L0014, which may be caused by electromagnetic interference or controller failure. It may also be caused by wear/failure of one IGBT on the arm, while the normal IGBT keeps the switch action.
2. Short circuit to phase. This may be caused by insulation breakdown between motor windings due to performance degradation, excessive temperature or overvoltage events.
3. The phase line is short circuited to the ground. 5SHY3545L0014 This may also be caused by insulation breakdown between the motor winding and the motor housing due to performance degradation, excessive temperature or overvoltage events. Generally speaking, the motor can absorb extremely high current in a relatively long time (millisecond to second, depending on the size and type of motor); However, IGBT, the main part of the industrial motor driven inverter stage, has a short circuit withstand time of microseconds.
Figure 1. Typical Short Circuit Events in Industrial Motor Drives
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IGBT short-circuit withstand capacity
The short circuit withstand time of IGBT is related to its transconductance or gain and the thermal capacity of IGBT chip. The higher the gain, the higher the short-circuit current in the IGBT, so obviously the IGBT with lower gain has a lower short-circuit level. However, higher gain will also lead to lower on state conduction loss, so a trade-off must be made. The development of IGBT technology is promoting the trend of increasing the short-circuit current level, but reducing the short-circuit withstand time. In addition, technological progress has led to the use of smaller chip sizes, reducing the size of modules, but reducing the thermal capacity, so that the tolerance time is further shortened. In addition, it has a great relationship with IGBT collector emitter voltage, so the parallel trend of industrial drivers toward higher DC bus voltage level further reduces the short-circuit withstand time. In the past, this time frame was 10 μ s. But the trend in recent years is to μ S3 and under some conditions as low as 1 μ S direction. In addition, the short-circuit withstand time of different devices is also quite different. Therefore, for IGBT protection circuit, it is generally recommended to build an additional margin more than the rated short-circuit withstand time.
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IGBT overcurrent protection
Whether for property loss or safety considerations, IGBT protection against overcurrent conditions is the key to system reliability. IGBT is not a fail safe component. If it fails, it may lead to explosion of DC bus capacitance and failure of the entire drive. Overcurrent protection is generally realized by current measurement or desaturation detection. Figure 2 shows these techniques. For current measurement, measuring devices such as shunt resistance are required for inverter arm and phase output to cope with through fault and motor winding fault. The fast execution jump circuit in the controller and/or grid driver must turn off IGBT in time to prevent exceeding the short circuit withstand time. The greatest advantage of this method is that it requires two measuring devices on each inverter arm and all relevant signal conditioning and isolation circuits. This situation can be alleviated by adding shunt resistors to the positive DC bus lines and the negative DC bus lines. However, in many cases, there are either arm shunt resistance or phase shunt resistance in the drive architecture to serve the current control loop and provide motor overcurrent protection; They may also be used for IGBT overcurrent protection – provided that the response time of signal conditioning is fast enough to protect IGBT within the required short-circuit withstand time.

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