ABB CI810B Analog module industrial system controller

Description

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Contacts of a person with live parts can be divided in two categories:
– direct contacts;
– indirect contacts.
A direct contact occurs when a part of the human body touches a part of the
plant, usually live (bare conductors, terminals, etc.).
A contact is indirect when a part of the human body touches an exposed
conductive parts, usually not live, but with voltage presence due to a failure or
wear of the insulating materials.
The measures of protection against direct contact are:
– insulation of live parts with an insulating material which can only be removed
by destruction (e.g. cable insulation);
– barriers or enclosures: live parts shall be inside enclosures or behind barriers
providing at least the degree of protection IPXXB or IP2X; for horizontal surfaces
the degree of protection shall be of at least IPXXD or IP4X (for the meaning of
the degree of protection codes please refer to Volume 1, chapter 6.1 Electrical
switchboards);
– obstacles: the interposition of an obstacle between the live parts and the
operator prevents unintentional contacts only, but not an intentional contact
by the removal of the obstacle without particular tools;
– placing out of reach: simultaneously accessible parts at different potentials
shall not be within arm’s reach.
An additional protection against direct contact can be obtained by using residual
current devices with a rated operating residual current not exceeding 30 mA. It
must be remembered that the use of a residual current device as a mean of
protection against direct contacts does not obviate the need to apply one of
the above specified measures of protection.
The measures of protection against indirect contact are:
– automatic disconnection of the supply: a protective device shall automatically
disconnect the supply to the circuit so that the touch voltage on the exposed
conductive part does not persist for a time sufficient to cause a risk of harmful
physiological effect for human beings;
– supplementary insulation or reinforced insulation, e.g. by the use of Class II
components;