INSEM01 ABB Bailey distributed control system industrial DCS module card

Description

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This seemingly low incidence rate conceals a
significant risk as, on top of danger to workers and
reputational loss, the average cost of replacement,
clean-up and lost revenue is about $3 million, and
individual cases have been known to incur costs of
up to $86 million [4].
In any of the abovementioned situations, cooling
and insulation fluid biodegradability, and high
flash and fire point, improve operator safety, while
reducing the impact and cost of cleanup.
Natural ester liquids are classified (see, eg,
standard EC 61039) as non-toxic and readily
biodegradable substances. Therefore, spills are
characterized as nonhazardous.
If a transformer protection system is slow to react
to a low-impedance fault, the high-energy internal
arc generated can produce gases that lead to
overpressure and tank rupture, thus allowing the
ingress of oxygen to create a fire-prone environment
[2]. For such failures, the most important parameters
of the liquid used are its flash and fire point values.
Compared with mineral oil, ester liquids have
much higher flash and fire point temperatures →2.
They meet the US National Electric Code (NEC)
definition of less flammable dielectric liquids and
are recognized as such by both FM Global and
Underwriters Laboratories (UL), both independent
product safety certification organizations. The
byproducts of the combustion of natural esters are
much less toxic than those of mineral oils, further
reducing their overall impact on the environment.
Hydro plants that are located close to sensitive
waters, for example, can benefit from the
reduced environmental threat provided by
ester-filled transformers.