L110-24-1 ABB Programmable Logic Controller for Distributed Control System

Description

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Switching of fast-acting breakers, such as vacuum
and SF6 breakers, can produce fast transient
overvoltages inside transformer windings; some of
which lead to failures, with subsequent downtime
and irreparable equipment; both of which are
incredibly costly to network managers. ABB’s
Transient Voltage ResistantTM Transformer (TVRTTM)
provides complete peace of mind during network
switching operations →2. The TVRT functions in any
electrical network because it is the only solution that
controls transient voltages. All its components are
oil-free, which greatly reduces installation costs and
removes the risk of fires or spills; this is the safest
solution for people, property and the environment.
The development of the TVRT by ABB engineers
led to the knowledge that switching transients are
generated inside of the windings, unlike lightening
voltage transients. Furthermore, overvoltages
caused by high frequency re-ignitions are the source
of the major voltage stress, not amplification of
voltage due to resonance inside the transformer,
as was previously thought. With that insight, ABB’s
engineers addressed the problem and provided a
simple solution: varistors are placed strategically
along the windings in proprietary arrangements
to limit transient overvoltages for re-ignitions
that may occur inside of the breaker as well as for
any amplified voltages from harmonic resonance
inside of the transformer. Combined with advanced
winding design, this engineered technology controls
peak voltages that might occur without the need to
know the characteristics of the connected system.
The TVRT technology also eliminates the risk and
maintenance associated with oil-filled capacitors.
This is particularly important for data centers that
rely on dry-type transformers to lower the need for
maintenance and reduce the risk of fire.
Subsea applications
ABB delivered the world’s first commercial subsea
transformers in 1998 – a pioneering achievement.
Robust, maintenance-free and exceptionally
reliable, transformers are routinely used nowadays
to power the field equipment of the oil and gas
industry that is located on the seabed: boosters,
pumps, compressors, pipeline heating systems
and frequency converters →3. In the near future,
subsea transformers and reactors will be used for
grid connections of wave power, tidal turbines and
offshore wind parks.
Traditional production facilities, without subsea
electric machinery, must cope with the constant
decrease of the pressure of the reservoir and a
shortened economic lifetime of the field. Typically,
subsea booster pumps increase the pressure of oil
flow and water pumps raise the oil by injecting water
into the reservoir, thereby increasing the lifetime
and productivity of the wells. Compressors raise
the pressure of the gas and increase the flow from
the seabed to shore along the gas pipeline. Subsea
high-voltage (HV) transformers allow pumps and
compressors to be placed farther away from the
existing power generation and supply point.
Electric motors located on production facilities,
controlled by topside drive these pumps and
compressors. Long HV cables supply power from
the topside drives to the subsea machinery situated
apart from the topside installation. Step- down
subsea transformers are then installed at the
seabed nearby to adapt the supplied high voltage
to the operation voltage of the machinery. Higher
transmission voltage reduces the load current and
therefore the size and weight of the cables and the
voltage drop in the cable.
Dedicated subsea power distribution grids can be
constructed with constant voltage and frequency
(50/60/16.7 Hz) with a main subsea transformer
and a subsea power distribution grid on its
low voltage side. Recently, ABB has successfully
conducted underwater tests of a drive unit that
includes an integrated subsea transformer; this
demonstrates that power transformers up to 100
MVA can be manufactured and operated.