Woodward Turbine Control 8200-1300 Digital Governor

Description

This manual describes the Woodward 505 Digital Governor for steam turbines with single or split-range actuators. Released versions are 8200-1300, 8200-1301, and 8200-1302. The option charts below show the differences between the part numbers. Volume 1 of this manual provides installation instructions, describes the control, and explains the configuration (programming) and operating procedures. Volume 2 includes notes on applying the control to specific applications, Service mode information, and 505 hardware specifications. This manual does not contain instructions for the operation of the complete turbine system. For turbine or plant operating instructions, contact the plantequipment manufacturer.

The actual physical quantities include not only switch quantities, analog quantities, but also digital quantities. The displacement of machine tool components is often expressed in numerical quantities.
The effective method for controlling digital quantities is NC, which is digital control technology. This is a computer-based control technology born in the United States in the 1950s. Nowadays, it is very popular and perfect. At present, the CNC rate of metal cutting machine tools in advanced countries has exceeded 40% to 80%, and some even higher.
PLC is also based on computer technology and is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Therefore, it can also be used for digital quantity control.

PLC can receive counting pulses with frequencies ranging from a few k to several tens of k Hz. This pulse can be received in multiple ways, and can also be received in multiple channels. Some PLCs also have pulse output function, and the pulse frequency can also reach tens of k. With these two functions, coupled with PLC’s data processing and computing capabilities, if equipped with corresponding sensors (such as rotary encoders) or pulse servo devices (such as circular distributors, power amplifiers, stepper motors), various controls can be fully implemented according to the principles of NC.

High and medium level PLCs are also developed with NC units or motion units, which can achieve point control. The motion unit can also achieve curve interpolation and control curve motion. So, if the PLC is equipped with this type of unit, it is completely possible to use the NC method for digital quantity control.
The newly developed motion unit has even released a programming language for NC technology, providing convenience for better digital control using PLC.

For data collection
With the development of PLC technology, its data storage area is becoming larger and larger. For example, OMRON’s PLC, the DM area of the early product C60P was only 64 words, while the later C60H reached 1000 words; By CQMI, it can reach up to 6000 words. Such a huge data storage area can store a large amount of data.
Data collection can use a counter to accumulate and record the number of pulses collected, and periodically transfer them to the DM area.
Data collection can also be done using A/D units, which convert analog signals into digital signals and periodically transfer them to the DM area.

The PLC can also be configured with a small printer to regularly print data from the DM area.
The PLC can also communicate with the computer, which reads out the data in the DM area and processes it again. At this point, the PLC becomes the data terminal of the computer.
The electricity department has used PLC to record users’ electricity consumption in real-time, in order to achieve different charging methods for different electricity usage times and pricing, and encourage users to use more electricity during low electricity consumption periods, achieving the goal of reasonable electricity consumption and energy conservation.

Used for monitoring
There are many self checking signals and internal devices in PLC, and most users have not fully utilized their functions.
In fact, it can be fully used to monitor the PLC’s own work or to monitor the control object.
This article introduces a method of using a PLC timer as a watchdog to monitor the working condition of the control object.
If a PLC is used to control the movement of a moving component and see if the action has been carried out after the control is applied, a watchdog method can be used to achieve monitoring. The specific method is to set the watchdog timer while applying control. If the action is completed within the specified time, that is, if the timer has not exceeded the warning value and the action completion signal has been received, it indicates that the control object is working normally and there is no need to alarm.

If it times out, it indicates that it is abnormal and can be dealt with accordingly.
If all important control links of the control object are watched by these watchdog, the system’s work will be as clear as the palm of the hand. If there are problems, it is easy to find which links are stuck.
There are other monitoring tasks to be done. For a complex control system, especially an automatic control system, monitoring and even further self-diagnosis are necessary. It can reduce system failures, make it easy to find faults, increase cumulative mean time between failures, reduce fault repair time, and improve system reliability.

Used for networking and communication
PLC has strong networking and communication capabilities, and new networking structures are constantly being introduced.
PLC can be connected to a personal computer for communication, and computers can be used to participate in programming and control the management of PLC, making it more convenient to use.
In order to fully utilize the role of computers, a single computer can be implemented to control and manage multiple PLCs, up to 32 of which can be used. One PLC can also communicate with two or more computers to exchange information, in order to achieve monitoring of the PLC control system from multiple locations.
PLC and PLC can also communicate. Can communicate with one-on-one PLC. Can communicate with several PLCs. It can be as high as tens or hundreds.
PLC, intelligent instruments, and intelligent execution devices (such as frequency converters) can also be networked for communication, data exchange, and mutual operation.
It can be connected into a remote control system, with a system range of up to 10 kilometers or more.
It can form a local network, not only PLC, but also high-end computers and various intelligent devices can enter the network. Either a bus network or a ring network can be used. The net can also be nested. Networks can also be bridged. Networking can organize thousands of PLCs, computers, and intelligent devices into one network.
Nodes between networks can communicate and exchange information directly or indirectly.

Networking and communication are meeting the needs of today’s computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) and the development of intelligent chemical plants. It can enable industrial control from Point to Line and then to Aero, connecting equipment level control, production line control, and factory management control as a whole, thereby creating higher efficiency. This infinitely beautiful prospect has become increasingly clear in front of our generation.
The above applications focus on quality. In terms of quantity, PLCs can be large or small. So, its control range can also be large or small. Small ones only control one device, even one component, one site; Large ones can control multiple devices, one production line, and even the entire factory. It can be said that PLC is indispensable for various occasions of industrial control.

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